- Judith Lewis-Herman, Complex-PTSD Symptoms:
Interpersonal problems:
- social and interpersonal avoidance (avoiding relationships),
- feeling distance or cut off from others, and
- never feeling close to another person.
- Negative self-concept
- feelings of worthlessness and guilt.
- While survivors of PTSD may feel “not myself”, a survivor of Complex PTSD may feel no sense of self at all or experience a changed personality; a few may feel as if they are no longer human at all (Lovelace and McGrady, 1980; Timerman, 1981).[1]:385-386.
- Believing yourself to be “contaminated, guilty, and evil”
- A fragmented identity is common, with Dissociative Identity Disorderoccurring in some people. [1]:386
Interpersonal Sensitivity:
- feelings which are easily hurt
- anger/temper outbursts
- difficulties with interpersonal relationships.
- Complex PTSD is normally the result of interpersonal trauma,…anger and rage both at perpetrators and the self can only be fully expressed after the trauma ends.
- loss of previously-held beliefs, with feelings of “being forsaken by both man and God”. [1]:382,386
Affect Dysregulation:
- unable to manage your own emotions, referred to as “difficulties with emotional regulation”
- unexpressed anger and internalized rage
- self-destructive or reckless/risk taking behaviors, [1]:382, [6]
People with Complex PTSD also meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD,which are:
- a persistent sense of threat, e.g. hypervigilance and being easily startled
- avoiding reminders of the traumas
- re-experiencing or reliving the traumas
- flashbacks
- intrusive thoughts about the trauma
- Increased risk of both self-injury and repeated victimization, for example:
- relationships with abusive people,
- sexual harassment
- rape. [1]:387
[1] Judith Lewis-Herman, http://traumadissociation.com/complexptsd
- Shawna Freshwater, Ph.D. [2]
A. Reactions to a Trauma may include:
- Feeling hopeless about the future
- Feeling detached or unconcerned about others
- Having trouble concentrating or making decisions
- Feeling jumpy and getting startled easily at sudden noises
- Feeling on guard and constantly alert
- Having disturbing dreams and memories or flashbacks
- Having work or school problems
B. Physical Reactions:
- Stomach upset and trouble eating
- Trouble sleeping and feeling very tired
- Pounding heart, rapid breathing, feeling edgy
- Sweating
- Severe headache if thinking of the event
- Failure to engage in exercise, diet, safe sex, regular health care
- Excess smoking, alcohol, drugs, food
- Having your ongoing medical problems get worse
C. Emotional:
- Feeling nervous, helpless, fearful, sad
- Feeling shocked, numb, and not able to feel love or joy
- Avoiding people, places, and things related to the event
- Being irritable or having outbursts of anger
- Becoming easily upset or agitated
- Blaming yourself or having negative views of oneself or the world
- Distrust of others, getting into conflicts, being over-controlling
- Being withdrawn, feeling rejected, or abandoned
- Loss of intimacy or feeling detached
D. Common problems that can occur after a trauma:
- Acute stress disorder (ASD)
- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, (PTSD). http://spacioustherapy.com/experienced-trauma-think-ptsd/
- Depression, http://spacioustherapy.com/how-do-i-know-if-i-am-depressed/
- Self-blame, guilt and shame
- Suicidal thoughts, Suicide Prevention Lifeline 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or call 911, https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org
- Anger or aggressive behavior
- Alcohol/Drug abuse
[2] Shawna Freshwater, Ph.D., https://spacioustherapy.com/common-reactions-trauma/