DSM-5 [1] Signs and Symptoms:
- NPD is defined as comprising a pervasive pattern of:
- grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior),
- a constant need for admiration, and
- a lack of empathy,
- beginning by early adulthood and
- present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by the presence of at least 5 of the following 9 criteria:
- A grandiose sense of self-importance
- A preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
- A belief that he or she is special and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people or institutions
- A need for excessive admiration
- A sense of entitlement
- Interpersonally exploitive behavior
- A lack of empathy
- Envy of others or a belief that others are envious of him or her
- A demonstration of arrogant and haughty behaviors or attitudes
* Alternative models and Diagnosis and Management information are cited in DSM-5, NPD.”
[1] American Psychiatric Association, Personality Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2013
- “Common Symptoms of a Narcissistic Personality [2]:
1. They concentrate on grandiose fantasies (e.g. their own success, beauty, brilliance) and may be convinced that they deserve special treatment.
2. Manipulative and exploitative of others to achieve personal gain
3. Lacks empathy and is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.
4. Intensely envious of others and the belief that others are equally envious of them
5. Expecting unquestioning compliance with their expectations and demands
6. Behaving in an arrogant manner
7. Exaggerating achievements
8. Difficulty tolerating criticism or defeat”
[2] The Warning Signs That Your Parents Have Narcissistic Personality Disorder (And What To Do About It), By Camille Storm, 2017, https://thoughtcatalog.com/camille-kariuki/2017/03/the-most-important-warning-signs-that-your-parents-have-narcissistic-personality-disorder-and-what-to-do-about-it/
- Mayo Clinic, Signs and symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder and the severity of symptoms vary. [3]
A. People with the disorder can:
- Have an exaggerated sense of self-importance
- Have a sense of entitlement and require constant, excessive admiration
- Expect to be recognized as superior even without achievements that warrant it
- Exaggerate achievements and talents
- Be preoccupied with fantasies about success, power, brilliance, beauty or the perfect mate
- Believe they are superior and can only associate with equally special people
- Monopolize conversations and belittle or look down on people they perceive as inferior
- Expect special favors and unquestioning compliance with their expectations
- Take advantage of others to get what they want
- Have an inability or unwillingness to recognize the needs and feelings of others
- Be envious of others and believe others envy them
- Behave in an arrogant or haughty manner, coming across as conceited, boastful and pretentious
- Insist on having the best of everything — for instance, the best car or office
B. At the same time, people with narcissistic personality disorder have trouble handling anything they perceive as criticism, and they can:
- Become impatient or angry when they don’t receive special treatment
- Have significant interpersonal problems and easily feel slighted
- React with rage or contempt and try to belittle the other person to make themselves appear superior
- Have difficulty regulating emotions and behavior
- Experience major problems dealing with stress and adapting to change
- Feel depressed and moody because they fall short of perfection
- Have secret feelings of insecurity, shame, vulnerability and humiliation”
[3] Mayo Clinic, Narcissistic personality disorder, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20366662